VIPER
April 14th, 2006, 07:46 AM
Firsts
Full-production vehicles are listed here. Many were preceded by racing-only cars.
First automobile manufacturer - Panhard et Levassor (1889) (followed by Peugeot in 1891)
First standardized automobile - Benz Velo (1894) or Duryea Motor Wagon (1893)
First mass-produced automobile - Oldsmobile Curved Dash (1901)
Honorable Mention - Ford Model T, first car produced on a moving assembly line.
Engine types
V4 engine
First V4 - 1922 Lancia Lambda
Honorable mention - 1903 Marmon (few produced)
Straight-6
First 6-cylinder - 1903 Napier
V6 engine
First V6 - 1950 Lancia Aurelia
Honorable mention - 1904 Marmon (few produced)
First American V6 - 1962 Buick Special
Straight-8
First I8 - 1919 Isotta-Fraschini
Honorable mention - 1920 Duesenberg
V8 engine
First V8 - 1910 De Dion-Bouton
Honorable mention - 1904 Marmon (few produced)
First mass-produced V8 - 1914 Cadillac Type 51
First mass-produced monobloc V8 - 1932 Ford Model B
First OHV V8 - 1949 Oldsmobile/Cadillac (Not the same engine, but both released the same year)
V10 engine
First V10 - 1992 Dodge Viper
First V10 sedan - 2002 Volkswagen Phaeton
V12 engine
First V12 - 1916 Packard "Double-Six"
W12 engine
First W12 - 2002 Volkswagen Phaeton (5998cc W12 engine - four banks of three cylinders)
V16 engine
First V16 - 1930 Cadillac V-16
Honorable mention - 1931 Marmon and 1932 Peerless
W16 engine
The Bugatti Veyron is expected to be the first production car from a major manufacturer to use a W16 engine, however, several smaller firms have either developed prototyped or produced small numbers of cars - including the Jimenez Novia which used a 4.1 L W16 based on four I4 Yamaha motorcycle engines.
W18 engine
No production cars yet are known to use a W-18 configuration, however Bugatti has experimented with both three-bank and four-bank designed for various concept cars.
Engine technologies
First carburetor - 1896 Daimler
First overhead cam engine - 1898 Wilkinson
First DOHC engine - 1925 Alfa Romeo 6C (Peugeot had a DOHC multivalve Grand Prix car in 1913)
First variable displacement engine - 1905 Sturtevant 38/45 six
Honorable mention - 1917 Enger Twin-Unit Twelve
First twin-spark engine - 1921 Bentley 3 Litre
Multi-valve engines
First 3-valve engine - 1924 Bugatti Type 35 (Type 18 had a 3-valve in 1912, but only 6 or 7 were made. Type 35 used the engine from the 1922 Type 29 racing car.)
First 4-valve engine - 1921 Bentley 3 Litre
Honorable mentions - 1931 Bugatti Type 51 DOHC. An SOHC 4-valve engine appeared in 1910's Type 13 racing car, while a 4-valve straight-4 was also developed by Bugatti in 1914. The Linthwaite-Hussey Motor Company of Los Angeles manufactured and advertized a four-valve straight-4 engine in 1916.
First 5-valve engine - 1991 tie Bugatti EB110 3.5 L V12, Mitsubishi Minica Dangan ZZ .7L I4 and Toyota 4A-GE I4
First 6-valve engine - 1985 Maserati 2.0L V6 36V 261HP
First 3-valve Diesel - 1989 Citroën XM
First 4-valve Diesel - 1994 Mercedes-Benz E-Class
First multi-valve turbocharged engine - 1984 Saab 900 B202
First carburetor air filter - 1915 Packard Twin Six
Honorable mention - 1922 Rickenbacker had a modern dry element
First crankcase ventilation - 1926 Cadillac V8 engine
First automatic choke - 1932 Oldsmobile
First four-barrel carburetor - 1941 Buick
Fuel injection
First FI engine - 1910 Adams Farwell Diesel
First non-Diesel FI engine - 1952 Gutbrod Superior
First gasoline direct injection - 1955 Mercedes-Benz 300SL
First electronic fuel injection - 1968 Bosch D-Jetronic - Volkswagen Type 3/Type 4
First Diesel direct injection engine - 1986 Fiat Croma TD
First electronic gasoline direct injection - August 1996 Mitsubishi Galant/Legnum 4G93 GDI I4
First turbocharged car - 1962 Oldsmobile F-85 Turbo Jetfire
Honorable mention - 1962 Chevrolet Corvair flat-6
First variable-nozzle turbocharger - 1989 Shelby CSX
First point ignition - 1910 Cadillac Model Thirty/Delco
First electronic ignition - 1960 General Motors Delco
First alternator - 1960 Chrysler Corporation, Plymouth Valiant
First flat-engine - 1905 Knox
First square engine - 1906 Premier
First monobloc engine with removable cylinder head - 1908 Ford Model T
First counterbalanced crankshaft - 1908 Mercer Type 35
First split-plane crankshaft - 1923 Cadillac V8 engine
First gas turbine car - 1950 Rover JET 1 (Experimental only; no gas turbine car ever reached real production)
Wankel engines
First Wankel engine - 1964 NSU Spider
First 2-rotor Wankel engine - 1965 Mazda Cosmo (60 preproduction examples were produced and registered)
Honorable mention - 1966 NSU Ro 80
First front-wheel drive Wankel engine - 1969 Mazda R130 Luce (Only FWD rotary vehicle ever produced)
First 3-rotor Wankel engine - 1991 Mazda Cosmo
Honorable mentions - 1969 Mercedes-Benz C111 and 1970 Felix Wankel-refitted Mercedes-Benz 300SL (Not production cars)
First turbo Wankel engine - 1982 Mazda Luce/Cosmo
First Miller cycle engine - 1996 Mazda Millenia
First Atkinson cycle engine - 2004 Toyota Prius
First Hydrogen vehicle - 2006 Mazda RX-8 (Japan commercial leases only)
Hybrid vehicles
First gas-electric hybrid - 1899 Lohner-Porsche Mixte (about 300 produced)
First modern hybrid car - 1997 Toyota Prius NHW10 (Japan)
First hybrid bus - 1997 Hino (Japan)
First all-wheel drive hybrid, first hybrid SUV - 2004 Ford Escape Hybrid
First hybrid luxury car - 2005 Lexus RX 400h (introduced January 2004)
First hybrid pickup truck - 2005 Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hybrid (debated)
First rear-wheel drive hybrid car - 2007 Lexus GS450h (on sale March 16, 2006 in Japan)
First three-cylinder hybrid - 1999 Honda Insight
First four-cylinder hybrid - 1997 Toyota Prius NHW10 (Japan)
First six-cylinder hybrid - 2005 Lexus RX 400h (introduced January 2004)
Body
First production closed-body car - 1910 Cadillac Model Thirty
First monocoque - 1924 Lancia Lambda
Honorable mentions - 1917 Ruler Four (few produced), 1934 Citroën Traction Avant
First coupé convertible - 1934 Peugeot 401 D Eclipse
First safety windshield - 1948 Tucker Torpedo (popout safety glass) [3]
First fiberglass body - 1953 Chevrolet Corvette and Kaiser Darrin
First MPV - 1956 Fiat 600 Multipla
First retractable hardtop - 1930s Lancia
Honorable mention - 1957 Ford Skyliner
First hatchback - 1953 Aston Martin DB2/4
Honorable mentions - 1958 Austin A40 Farina, 1962 Innocenti Combinata, and 1965 Renault 16
First fiberglass monocoque - 1959 Lotus Elite
First SUV - 1942 Dodge Carryall
Honorable mention - 1957 Moskvitch 410 (first crossover SUV/XUV)
Honorable mention - 1980 AMC Eagle (popularised the crossover SUV/XUV)
First carbon fiber monocoque - 1991 McLaren F1
First aerodynamic design - Tie: 1934 Chrysler Airflow and 1934 Tatra T77
Transmission
Manual transmissions
First synchronized transmission - 1929 Cadillac
First overdrive - 1934 Chrysler Airflow
First modern cone synchromesh transmission - 1952 Porsche 356
First 5-speed manual - 1953 Ferrari 212
First 6-speed manual - 1986 Honda Civic Wagon 4WD
Honorable mention - 1986 Porsche 959 (introduced at 1985 Frankfurt Motor Show but first customer deliveries were delayed until 1987)[4]
Honorable mention - 1957 Moskvitch 410/411
First 8-speed manual - 1960 Moskvitch 410/411
First 16-speed manual - 1913 David
Automatic transmissions
First automatic transmission - May 1939 Oldsmobile Hydra-Matic (also the first 4-speed automatic)
Honorable mention - 1934 REO (a pair of self-shifting manuals)
Honorable mention - 1937 Oldsmobile Automatic Safety Transmission
First torque converter automatic - 1948 Buick Dynaflow
Honorable mention - 1949 Packard Ultramatic (torque converter automatic)
Honorable mention - 1946 Chrysler Presto-Matic (torque converter manual)
First non-planetary automatic - 1968 Honda Hondamatic
First 5-speed automatic - 1991 BMW E34 5-Series and E36 320i/325i ZF 5HP18
First 6-speed automatic - 2002 BMW E65 7-Series ZF 6HP26
Honorable mention - 1999 Jeep Grand Cherokee 45RFE had an automatic transmission with 3 planetary gearsets capable of six speeds, but only 5 were used, and the company advertized it as a 4-speed.
First 7-speed automatic - 2003 Mercedes-Benz 7G-TRONIC
First 8-speed automatic - 2007 Lexus LS 460
First limited slip differential - 1956 Studebaker
First continuously variable transmission - 1958 DAF 600 "A-Type"
Layout
First RR car - 1896 Hertel
First front-wheel drive - 1929 Cord L29
Honorable mention - 1900 Pennington and 1928 Alvis (did not sell more than 150 units)
Honorable mention - 1934 Citroën Traction Avant
First transverse front-wheel drive - 1949 Saab 92
Honorable mention - 1959 Mini
First transverse FWD I5 - 1993 Volvo 850
First transverse FWD I6 - 1970 Austin Kimberley & Austin Tasman
Honorable mention - 1959 Saab Monster (Not a production vehicle)
First transverse FWD V8 - 1985 Cadillac DeVille
First four-wheel drive vehicle - 1910 Caldwell Vale or 1911 Four Wheel Drive
First all-wheel drive car - 1966 Jensen FF
Honorable mention - 1901 Lohner-Porsche (One produced), electric 4WD
Honorable mention - 1902 Jacobus Spyker (One produced), first mechanical 4WD
Honorable mention - 1932 Type 53 (Three produced)
Honorable mention - 1958 Citroën 2CV Sahara (Dual-engine all wheel drive)
First FR transaxle - 1950 Lancia Aurelia (the 1914 Stutz Bearcat featured a primitive transaxle)
First MR car - 1957 Zündapp Janus (or possibly the 1923 Benz Drop-Shaped racer)
First MR AWD car - 1990 Panther Solo 2
Honorable mention - 1985 Ford RS200 (Homologation special, only 200 road cars produced for Group B regulations.)
Honorable mention - 1985 Peugeot 205 Turbo-16 (Homologation special, only 200 road cars produced for Group B regulations.)
Honorable mention - 1985 Lancia Delta S4 (Homologation special, only 200 road cars produced for Group B regulations.)
Honorable mention - 1985 Rover Metro 6R4 (Homologation special, only 200 road cars produced for Group B regulations.)
First four wheel steering - 1985 Nissan Skyline HICAS
Honorable mention - 1970s Daimler-Benz offroad trucks
Honorable mention - April 1987 Honda Prelude 4WS
Honorable mentioned - 2002 Chevrolet Silverado
Suspension
First torsion bar suspension - 1921 Leyland
First front independent suspension - 1924 Lancia Lambda
First hydraulic shock absorbers - 1933 Hudson (Monroe)
First coil spring/shock absorber suspension - 1934 Cadillac, Chrysler, and Hudson
First MacPherson strut suspension - 1949 Ford Vedette
First Chapman strut suspension - 1958 Lotus Elite
First air suspension - 1958 Cadillac Brougham
Honorable mentions - 1909 Cowley and 1933 Stout-Scarab (Firestone)
First self-levelling suspension - 1955 Citroën DS
Honorable mention - 1954 Citroën Traction Avant 15HHydropneumatic
First electronically-controlled suspension - 1985 Nissan Maxima (Japan-market model)
First fully active suspension - 1991 Infiniti Q45 (renamed Q45a for 1992)
First active anti-roll bars - 2002 BMW 7-Series (Active Roll Stabilization)
Brakes
First power brakes - 1919 Hispano-Suiza H6 (mechanically assisted)
Honorable mention - 1921 Duesenberg Model A
First vacuum-assist power brakes - 1928 Pierce-Arrow
First standard disc brakes - 1955 Citroën DS
Honorable mentions - 1956 (HRG twincam) used helicopter disc brakes Triumph TR3, Girling (Jaguar pioneered disc brakes at Le Mans in 1953)
First antilock braking system - 1966 Jensen FF (Dunlop Maxaret system, previously used in aviation)
First electrical antilock braking system - 1969 Lincoln Continental Mark III
Honorable mention - 1970 Cadillac (rear only)
First electronic antilock braking system - 1986 Lincoln Mark VII/Continental and Chevrolet Corvette
First Electric parking brake - 2003 Lincoln LS
First diagonally split, dual brake circuits - 1962 Saab 95/96
First asbestos-free brake pads - 1983 Saab Automobile
First electro-hydraulic brakes - 2003 Mercedes-Benz SL-Class
First regenerative brakes - 1994 Toyota Prius
Driver-aids
First standard rear-view mirror - 1912 Marmon
First power steering - 1951 Imperial
First cruise control - 1957 Imperial
Honorable mention - Peerless had a centrifugal governor speed control system in the 1910s
First traction control - 1987 Bosch Mercedes-Benz S-Class/BMW 7-Series
First dynamic stability control system/Electronic Stability Program - 1996 BMW 7-Series/Mercedes-Benz CL-Class
First adaptive cruise control - 1997 Toyota Celsior
First night vision - 2000 Cadillac DeVille
First integrated car dynamics control system: 2005 Toyota Crown Majesta (Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management)
Passive-restraint
First airbags - 1974 Oldsmobile Toronado
First head airbags - 1998 BMW 7-Series
Tires
First use of pneumatic tires - 1895 Peugeot L'Eclair (Michelin)
First standard pneumatic tires - 1896 Bollee Voiturette
First radial-ply tires - 1949 Michelin "X" (patented in 1946)
First self-repairing tires - 1950 Goodyear
First run-flat tires - Porsche 959 (Dunlop Denloc; with special wheels)
Honorable mention - 1994 Chevrolet Corvette C4 (Goodyear SST; optional; with regular wheels)
Honorable mention - 1997 Chevrolet Corvette C5 (standard)
Lighting
First electrical lighting - 1898 Columbia electric
First standard lights - 1904 "Prest-O-Lite" acetylene
First standard electrical lights - 1908 Peerless
First integrated electrical and lighting system - 1912 Cadillac Model 1912 Delco
First "dipping" headlights - 1915 Guide Lamp Company
First dual-beam headlight - 1924 Bilux
First swivel headlights - 1948 [[Tucker(car)] Tucker Torpedo
First fog lights - 1938 Cadillac
First auto-dimming headlights - 1952 Cadillac Autronic Eye
First auto-on/off headlights - 1964 Cadillac Twilight Sentinel
First halogen headlights - 1965 Hella
First headlight wipers - 1970 Saab Automobile
First modern U.S.-market car with sealed beam headlights - 1984 Lincoln Mark VII
First AC HID lights - 1991 BMW 7-series
First DC HID lights - 1997 Lincoln Mark VIII
First neon lights - 1997 Lincoln Mark VIII
First all-LED tail lights - 1998 Maserati 3200 GT
First Bi-Xenon HID lights - 2000 Mercedes-Benz CL-Class
Electrical system
First electric windows - 1938 Buick Y
First combination key and ignition switch - 1949 Chrysler
First AC alternator - 1960 Valiant
First sealed battery - 1971 Pontiac "Freedom Battery"
First multiplexed wiring - 1987 Cadillac Allanté
First integrated car systems control - 1991 Mazda Eunos Cosmo (Car Control System)
Climate control
First windshield defroster - 1928 Studebaker
First windshield washer - 1937 Studebaker
First air conditioning - 1938 Studebaker Commander
Honorable mention - 1939 Packard and 1941 Cadillac
First rear window defogger - 1948 Cadillac
First heated seats - 1966 Cadillac
Honorable mention (first electrically heated) - 1972 Saab 99
First automatic climate control - 1964 Cadillac
First digital climate control - 1975 Rolls-Royce Camargue
First ventilated seats - 1997 Saab 9-5
In-car electronics and entertainment
First original-equipment radio - 1923 Springfield
First navigation system - August 1981 Honda Accord (analog, dealer-installed) [5]
First digital navigation system - 1990 Acura Legend
First GPS navigation system - 1995 Oldsmobile Eighty Eight Guidestar[6]
Honorable mention - 1996 tie 1997-model BMW 5-Series and Acura RL
Honorable mention - 1990 Pioneer Electronics/Trimble (aftermarket)
Honorable mention - 1992 Mazda (dealer-installed)
First telematics assist system - 1996 tie 1997-model Cadillac Seville (OnStar) and Lincoln Continental (Motorola RESCU)
First DVD navigation system - 1996 Matsushita/Pioneer Electronics (aftermarket)
First in-car PC - 1997 Microsoft Auto PC (aftermarket)
First Bluetooth-capable audio system - 2000 Chrysler
First THX-certified stereo system - 2003 Lincoln LS
First in-car karaoke machine - 2003 Geely BL
First active noise cancellation - 2005 Acura RL
Other
First steering wheel - 1899 Packard
First speedometer - 1901 Oldsmobile
First tilt-away steering wheel - 1912 Peerless
First dash-mounted fuel tank gauge - 1914 Studebaker
First turn signals - 1939 Buick
First split folding rear seats - 1961 Renault 4 (Fiat patented the system in 1978)
First tilt/telescope steering wheel - 1965 Cadillac
First composite wheels - 1989 Shelby CSX
First active differential - 1997 Honda Prelude Type SH
Honorable mention - 2005 Ferrari F430 and Acura RL feature the first fully-integrated electronic differentials
American types
First standardized American automobile - Duryea Motor Wagon (1896)
First American electric car - Detroit Electric (1907)
First American hybrid SUV - Ford Escape Hybrid
wish u guys like the topic
Full-production vehicles are listed here. Many were preceded by racing-only cars.
First automobile manufacturer - Panhard et Levassor (1889) (followed by Peugeot in 1891)
First standardized automobile - Benz Velo (1894) or Duryea Motor Wagon (1893)
First mass-produced automobile - Oldsmobile Curved Dash (1901)
Honorable Mention - Ford Model T, first car produced on a moving assembly line.
Engine types
V4 engine
First V4 - 1922 Lancia Lambda
Honorable mention - 1903 Marmon (few produced)
Straight-6
First 6-cylinder - 1903 Napier
V6 engine
First V6 - 1950 Lancia Aurelia
Honorable mention - 1904 Marmon (few produced)
First American V6 - 1962 Buick Special
Straight-8
First I8 - 1919 Isotta-Fraschini
Honorable mention - 1920 Duesenberg
V8 engine
First V8 - 1910 De Dion-Bouton
Honorable mention - 1904 Marmon (few produced)
First mass-produced V8 - 1914 Cadillac Type 51
First mass-produced monobloc V8 - 1932 Ford Model B
First OHV V8 - 1949 Oldsmobile/Cadillac (Not the same engine, but both released the same year)
V10 engine
First V10 - 1992 Dodge Viper
First V10 sedan - 2002 Volkswagen Phaeton
V12 engine
First V12 - 1916 Packard "Double-Six"
W12 engine
First W12 - 2002 Volkswagen Phaeton (5998cc W12 engine - four banks of three cylinders)
V16 engine
First V16 - 1930 Cadillac V-16
Honorable mention - 1931 Marmon and 1932 Peerless
W16 engine
The Bugatti Veyron is expected to be the first production car from a major manufacturer to use a W16 engine, however, several smaller firms have either developed prototyped or produced small numbers of cars - including the Jimenez Novia which used a 4.1 L W16 based on four I4 Yamaha motorcycle engines.
W18 engine
No production cars yet are known to use a W-18 configuration, however Bugatti has experimented with both three-bank and four-bank designed for various concept cars.
Engine technologies
First carburetor - 1896 Daimler
First overhead cam engine - 1898 Wilkinson
First DOHC engine - 1925 Alfa Romeo 6C (Peugeot had a DOHC multivalve Grand Prix car in 1913)
First variable displacement engine - 1905 Sturtevant 38/45 six
Honorable mention - 1917 Enger Twin-Unit Twelve
First twin-spark engine - 1921 Bentley 3 Litre
Multi-valve engines
First 3-valve engine - 1924 Bugatti Type 35 (Type 18 had a 3-valve in 1912, but only 6 or 7 were made. Type 35 used the engine from the 1922 Type 29 racing car.)
First 4-valve engine - 1921 Bentley 3 Litre
Honorable mentions - 1931 Bugatti Type 51 DOHC. An SOHC 4-valve engine appeared in 1910's Type 13 racing car, while a 4-valve straight-4 was also developed by Bugatti in 1914. The Linthwaite-Hussey Motor Company of Los Angeles manufactured and advertized a four-valve straight-4 engine in 1916.
First 5-valve engine - 1991 tie Bugatti EB110 3.5 L V12, Mitsubishi Minica Dangan ZZ .7L I4 and Toyota 4A-GE I4
First 6-valve engine - 1985 Maserati 2.0L V6 36V 261HP
First 3-valve Diesel - 1989 Citroën XM
First 4-valve Diesel - 1994 Mercedes-Benz E-Class
First multi-valve turbocharged engine - 1984 Saab 900 B202
First carburetor air filter - 1915 Packard Twin Six
Honorable mention - 1922 Rickenbacker had a modern dry element
First crankcase ventilation - 1926 Cadillac V8 engine
First automatic choke - 1932 Oldsmobile
First four-barrel carburetor - 1941 Buick
Fuel injection
First FI engine - 1910 Adams Farwell Diesel
First non-Diesel FI engine - 1952 Gutbrod Superior
First gasoline direct injection - 1955 Mercedes-Benz 300SL
First electronic fuel injection - 1968 Bosch D-Jetronic - Volkswagen Type 3/Type 4
First Diesel direct injection engine - 1986 Fiat Croma TD
First electronic gasoline direct injection - August 1996 Mitsubishi Galant/Legnum 4G93 GDI I4
First turbocharged car - 1962 Oldsmobile F-85 Turbo Jetfire
Honorable mention - 1962 Chevrolet Corvair flat-6
First variable-nozzle turbocharger - 1989 Shelby CSX
First point ignition - 1910 Cadillac Model Thirty/Delco
First electronic ignition - 1960 General Motors Delco
First alternator - 1960 Chrysler Corporation, Plymouth Valiant
First flat-engine - 1905 Knox
First square engine - 1906 Premier
First monobloc engine with removable cylinder head - 1908 Ford Model T
First counterbalanced crankshaft - 1908 Mercer Type 35
First split-plane crankshaft - 1923 Cadillac V8 engine
First gas turbine car - 1950 Rover JET 1 (Experimental only; no gas turbine car ever reached real production)
Wankel engines
First Wankel engine - 1964 NSU Spider
First 2-rotor Wankel engine - 1965 Mazda Cosmo (60 preproduction examples were produced and registered)
Honorable mention - 1966 NSU Ro 80
First front-wheel drive Wankel engine - 1969 Mazda R130 Luce (Only FWD rotary vehicle ever produced)
First 3-rotor Wankel engine - 1991 Mazda Cosmo
Honorable mentions - 1969 Mercedes-Benz C111 and 1970 Felix Wankel-refitted Mercedes-Benz 300SL (Not production cars)
First turbo Wankel engine - 1982 Mazda Luce/Cosmo
First Miller cycle engine - 1996 Mazda Millenia
First Atkinson cycle engine - 2004 Toyota Prius
First Hydrogen vehicle - 2006 Mazda RX-8 (Japan commercial leases only)
Hybrid vehicles
First gas-electric hybrid - 1899 Lohner-Porsche Mixte (about 300 produced)
First modern hybrid car - 1997 Toyota Prius NHW10 (Japan)
First hybrid bus - 1997 Hino (Japan)
First all-wheel drive hybrid, first hybrid SUV - 2004 Ford Escape Hybrid
First hybrid luxury car - 2005 Lexus RX 400h (introduced January 2004)
First hybrid pickup truck - 2005 Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hybrid (debated)
First rear-wheel drive hybrid car - 2007 Lexus GS450h (on sale March 16, 2006 in Japan)
First three-cylinder hybrid - 1999 Honda Insight
First four-cylinder hybrid - 1997 Toyota Prius NHW10 (Japan)
First six-cylinder hybrid - 2005 Lexus RX 400h (introduced January 2004)
Body
First production closed-body car - 1910 Cadillac Model Thirty
First monocoque - 1924 Lancia Lambda
Honorable mentions - 1917 Ruler Four (few produced), 1934 Citroën Traction Avant
First coupé convertible - 1934 Peugeot 401 D Eclipse
First safety windshield - 1948 Tucker Torpedo (popout safety glass) [3]
First fiberglass body - 1953 Chevrolet Corvette and Kaiser Darrin
First MPV - 1956 Fiat 600 Multipla
First retractable hardtop - 1930s Lancia
Honorable mention - 1957 Ford Skyliner
First hatchback - 1953 Aston Martin DB2/4
Honorable mentions - 1958 Austin A40 Farina, 1962 Innocenti Combinata, and 1965 Renault 16
First fiberglass monocoque - 1959 Lotus Elite
First SUV - 1942 Dodge Carryall
Honorable mention - 1957 Moskvitch 410 (first crossover SUV/XUV)
Honorable mention - 1980 AMC Eagle (popularised the crossover SUV/XUV)
First carbon fiber monocoque - 1991 McLaren F1
First aerodynamic design - Tie: 1934 Chrysler Airflow and 1934 Tatra T77
Transmission
Manual transmissions
First synchronized transmission - 1929 Cadillac
First overdrive - 1934 Chrysler Airflow
First modern cone synchromesh transmission - 1952 Porsche 356
First 5-speed manual - 1953 Ferrari 212
First 6-speed manual - 1986 Honda Civic Wagon 4WD
Honorable mention - 1986 Porsche 959 (introduced at 1985 Frankfurt Motor Show but first customer deliveries were delayed until 1987)[4]
Honorable mention - 1957 Moskvitch 410/411
First 8-speed manual - 1960 Moskvitch 410/411
First 16-speed manual - 1913 David
Automatic transmissions
First automatic transmission - May 1939 Oldsmobile Hydra-Matic (also the first 4-speed automatic)
Honorable mention - 1934 REO (a pair of self-shifting manuals)
Honorable mention - 1937 Oldsmobile Automatic Safety Transmission
First torque converter automatic - 1948 Buick Dynaflow
Honorable mention - 1949 Packard Ultramatic (torque converter automatic)
Honorable mention - 1946 Chrysler Presto-Matic (torque converter manual)
First non-planetary automatic - 1968 Honda Hondamatic
First 5-speed automatic - 1991 BMW E34 5-Series and E36 320i/325i ZF 5HP18
First 6-speed automatic - 2002 BMW E65 7-Series ZF 6HP26
Honorable mention - 1999 Jeep Grand Cherokee 45RFE had an automatic transmission with 3 planetary gearsets capable of six speeds, but only 5 were used, and the company advertized it as a 4-speed.
First 7-speed automatic - 2003 Mercedes-Benz 7G-TRONIC
First 8-speed automatic - 2007 Lexus LS 460
First limited slip differential - 1956 Studebaker
First continuously variable transmission - 1958 DAF 600 "A-Type"
Layout
First RR car - 1896 Hertel
First front-wheel drive - 1929 Cord L29
Honorable mention - 1900 Pennington and 1928 Alvis (did not sell more than 150 units)
Honorable mention - 1934 Citroën Traction Avant
First transverse front-wheel drive - 1949 Saab 92
Honorable mention - 1959 Mini
First transverse FWD I5 - 1993 Volvo 850
First transverse FWD I6 - 1970 Austin Kimberley & Austin Tasman
Honorable mention - 1959 Saab Monster (Not a production vehicle)
First transverse FWD V8 - 1985 Cadillac DeVille
First four-wheel drive vehicle - 1910 Caldwell Vale or 1911 Four Wheel Drive
First all-wheel drive car - 1966 Jensen FF
Honorable mention - 1901 Lohner-Porsche (One produced), electric 4WD
Honorable mention - 1902 Jacobus Spyker (One produced), first mechanical 4WD
Honorable mention - 1932 Type 53 (Three produced)
Honorable mention - 1958 Citroën 2CV Sahara (Dual-engine all wheel drive)
First FR transaxle - 1950 Lancia Aurelia (the 1914 Stutz Bearcat featured a primitive transaxle)
First MR car - 1957 Zündapp Janus (or possibly the 1923 Benz Drop-Shaped racer)
First MR AWD car - 1990 Panther Solo 2
Honorable mention - 1985 Ford RS200 (Homologation special, only 200 road cars produced for Group B regulations.)
Honorable mention - 1985 Peugeot 205 Turbo-16 (Homologation special, only 200 road cars produced for Group B regulations.)
Honorable mention - 1985 Lancia Delta S4 (Homologation special, only 200 road cars produced for Group B regulations.)
Honorable mention - 1985 Rover Metro 6R4 (Homologation special, only 200 road cars produced for Group B regulations.)
First four wheel steering - 1985 Nissan Skyline HICAS
Honorable mention - 1970s Daimler-Benz offroad trucks
Honorable mention - April 1987 Honda Prelude 4WS
Honorable mentioned - 2002 Chevrolet Silverado
Suspension
First torsion bar suspension - 1921 Leyland
First front independent suspension - 1924 Lancia Lambda
First hydraulic shock absorbers - 1933 Hudson (Monroe)
First coil spring/shock absorber suspension - 1934 Cadillac, Chrysler, and Hudson
First MacPherson strut suspension - 1949 Ford Vedette
First Chapman strut suspension - 1958 Lotus Elite
First air suspension - 1958 Cadillac Brougham
Honorable mentions - 1909 Cowley and 1933 Stout-Scarab (Firestone)
First self-levelling suspension - 1955 Citroën DS
Honorable mention - 1954 Citroën Traction Avant 15HHydropneumatic
First electronically-controlled suspension - 1985 Nissan Maxima (Japan-market model)
First fully active suspension - 1991 Infiniti Q45 (renamed Q45a for 1992)
First active anti-roll bars - 2002 BMW 7-Series (Active Roll Stabilization)
Brakes
First power brakes - 1919 Hispano-Suiza H6 (mechanically assisted)
Honorable mention - 1921 Duesenberg Model A
First vacuum-assist power brakes - 1928 Pierce-Arrow
First standard disc brakes - 1955 Citroën DS
Honorable mentions - 1956 (HRG twincam) used helicopter disc brakes Triumph TR3, Girling (Jaguar pioneered disc brakes at Le Mans in 1953)
First antilock braking system - 1966 Jensen FF (Dunlop Maxaret system, previously used in aviation)
First electrical antilock braking system - 1969 Lincoln Continental Mark III
Honorable mention - 1970 Cadillac (rear only)
First electronic antilock braking system - 1986 Lincoln Mark VII/Continental and Chevrolet Corvette
First Electric parking brake - 2003 Lincoln LS
First diagonally split, dual brake circuits - 1962 Saab 95/96
First asbestos-free brake pads - 1983 Saab Automobile
First electro-hydraulic brakes - 2003 Mercedes-Benz SL-Class
First regenerative brakes - 1994 Toyota Prius
Driver-aids
First standard rear-view mirror - 1912 Marmon
First power steering - 1951 Imperial
First cruise control - 1957 Imperial
Honorable mention - Peerless had a centrifugal governor speed control system in the 1910s
First traction control - 1987 Bosch Mercedes-Benz S-Class/BMW 7-Series
First dynamic stability control system/Electronic Stability Program - 1996 BMW 7-Series/Mercedes-Benz CL-Class
First adaptive cruise control - 1997 Toyota Celsior
First night vision - 2000 Cadillac DeVille
First integrated car dynamics control system: 2005 Toyota Crown Majesta (Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management)
Passive-restraint
First airbags - 1974 Oldsmobile Toronado
First head airbags - 1998 BMW 7-Series
Tires
First use of pneumatic tires - 1895 Peugeot L'Eclair (Michelin)
First standard pneumatic tires - 1896 Bollee Voiturette
First radial-ply tires - 1949 Michelin "X" (patented in 1946)
First self-repairing tires - 1950 Goodyear
First run-flat tires - Porsche 959 (Dunlop Denloc; with special wheels)
Honorable mention - 1994 Chevrolet Corvette C4 (Goodyear SST; optional; with regular wheels)
Honorable mention - 1997 Chevrolet Corvette C5 (standard)
Lighting
First electrical lighting - 1898 Columbia electric
First standard lights - 1904 "Prest-O-Lite" acetylene
First standard electrical lights - 1908 Peerless
First integrated electrical and lighting system - 1912 Cadillac Model 1912 Delco
First "dipping" headlights - 1915 Guide Lamp Company
First dual-beam headlight - 1924 Bilux
First swivel headlights - 1948 [[Tucker(car)] Tucker Torpedo
First fog lights - 1938 Cadillac
First auto-dimming headlights - 1952 Cadillac Autronic Eye
First auto-on/off headlights - 1964 Cadillac Twilight Sentinel
First halogen headlights - 1965 Hella
First headlight wipers - 1970 Saab Automobile
First modern U.S.-market car with sealed beam headlights - 1984 Lincoln Mark VII
First AC HID lights - 1991 BMW 7-series
First DC HID lights - 1997 Lincoln Mark VIII
First neon lights - 1997 Lincoln Mark VIII
First all-LED tail lights - 1998 Maserati 3200 GT
First Bi-Xenon HID lights - 2000 Mercedes-Benz CL-Class
Electrical system
First electric windows - 1938 Buick Y
First combination key and ignition switch - 1949 Chrysler
First AC alternator - 1960 Valiant
First sealed battery - 1971 Pontiac "Freedom Battery"
First multiplexed wiring - 1987 Cadillac Allanté
First integrated car systems control - 1991 Mazda Eunos Cosmo (Car Control System)
Climate control
First windshield defroster - 1928 Studebaker
First windshield washer - 1937 Studebaker
First air conditioning - 1938 Studebaker Commander
Honorable mention - 1939 Packard and 1941 Cadillac
First rear window defogger - 1948 Cadillac
First heated seats - 1966 Cadillac
Honorable mention (first electrically heated) - 1972 Saab 99
First automatic climate control - 1964 Cadillac
First digital climate control - 1975 Rolls-Royce Camargue
First ventilated seats - 1997 Saab 9-5
In-car electronics and entertainment
First original-equipment radio - 1923 Springfield
First navigation system - August 1981 Honda Accord (analog, dealer-installed) [5]
First digital navigation system - 1990 Acura Legend
First GPS navigation system - 1995 Oldsmobile Eighty Eight Guidestar[6]
Honorable mention - 1996 tie 1997-model BMW 5-Series and Acura RL
Honorable mention - 1990 Pioneer Electronics/Trimble (aftermarket)
Honorable mention - 1992 Mazda (dealer-installed)
First telematics assist system - 1996 tie 1997-model Cadillac Seville (OnStar) and Lincoln Continental (Motorola RESCU)
First DVD navigation system - 1996 Matsushita/Pioneer Electronics (aftermarket)
First in-car PC - 1997 Microsoft Auto PC (aftermarket)
First Bluetooth-capable audio system - 2000 Chrysler
First THX-certified stereo system - 2003 Lincoln LS
First in-car karaoke machine - 2003 Geely BL
First active noise cancellation - 2005 Acura RL
Other
First steering wheel - 1899 Packard
First speedometer - 1901 Oldsmobile
First tilt-away steering wheel - 1912 Peerless
First dash-mounted fuel tank gauge - 1914 Studebaker
First turn signals - 1939 Buick
First split folding rear seats - 1961 Renault 4 (Fiat patented the system in 1978)
First tilt/telescope steering wheel - 1965 Cadillac
First composite wheels - 1989 Shelby CSX
First active differential - 1997 Honda Prelude Type SH
Honorable mention - 2005 Ferrari F430 and Acura RL feature the first fully-integrated electronic differentials
American types
First standardized American automobile - Duryea Motor Wagon (1896)
First American electric car - Detroit Electric (1907)
First American hybrid SUV - Ford Escape Hybrid
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